石菖蒲化学成分、药理作用及毒理学研究进展

doi:10.2095-3593.2026.030006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 石菖蒲（Acorus tatarinowii Schott）作为传统中药材，具有悠久的药用历史。近年来，其化学成分、药理作用及毒理学研究取得显著进展。本研究系统综述了石菖蒲的化学成分、多靶点药理作用机制及毒理学研究现状，旨在为其临床合理应用与质量标准化提供科学依据。化学成分分析表明，石菖蒲主要活性成分为挥发油，其中β-细辛醚含量最高，并含有黄酮类、生物碱类、多糖等多种活性物质。药理研究显示，石菖蒲具有显著的神经保护作用，可通过调节神经递质、抗氧化、抗炎及抑制细胞凋亡等多途径改善认知功能；其心血管保护作用涉及抑制炎症反应、促进血管新生及改善能量代谢等机制；此外，石菖蒲还具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤及免疫调节等多重药理活性。毒理学研究表明，石菖蒲短期使用安全性较高，但其主要活性成分β-细辛醚存在一定剂量依赖性毒性，潜在风险需进一步系统评估。未来研究应聚焦于成分标准化、药效物质基础阐释及临床转化，推动石菖蒲在神经系统与心血管疾病等领域的合理应用与开发。

关键词: font-size:medium, ">石菖蒲；挥发油；化学成分；药理作用；毒理学；分子机制

Abstract: Acorus tatarinowii Schott， as a traditional Chinese medicinal material， has a long history of medical use. In recent years， significant progress has been made in the research on its chemical composition， pharmacological effects， and toxicology. This paper systematically reviews the chemical composition， multi-target pharmacological mechanisms， and current status of toxicological research on Acorus tatarinowii Schott， aiming to provide a scientific basis for its clinical rational application and quality standardization. Chemical composition analysis shows that the main active component of Acorus tatarinowii Schott is volatile oil， with the highest content of β-asarone， and it also contains various active substances such as flavonoids， alkaloids， and polysaccharides. Pharmacological research shows that Acorus tatarinowii Schott has significant neuroprotective effects and can improve cognitive function by regulating neurotransmitters， antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Its cardiovascular protective effects involve inhibiting inflammatory responses， promoting angiogenesis， and improving energy metabolism. In addition， Acorus tatarinowii Schott also has multiple pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial， antioxidant， anticancer， and immunomodulatory effects. Toxicological studies have shown that Acorus tatarinowii Schott has high safety in short-term use， but its main active component， β-asarone， has a certain dose-dependent toxicity， and further systematic assessment is needed to identify potential risks. Future research should focus on standardizing the composition， elucidating the material basis of pharmacological effects of Acorus tatarinowii Schott， and promoting the clinical translation， thereby advancing its rational application and development in the fields of nervous system and cardiovascular diseases.

Key words: font-size:medium, ">Acorus tatarinowii Schott； Volatile oil； Chemical composition； Pharmacological effects； Toxicology； Molecular mechanism

中图分类号:

温庆辉, 郭述金. 石菖蒲化学成分、药理作用及毒理学研究进展[J]. 中国药物评价, 2026, 43(1): 50-50-55.

WEN Qinghui, GUO Shujin. Research Progress on the Chemical Composition， Pharmacological Effects and Toxicology of Acorus tatarinowii Schott[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DRUG EVALUATION, 2026, 43(1): 50-50-55.

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