Comparative Study of OTC Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Management Systems in China and the United States

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  • 1.China Nonprescription Medicines Association, Beijing 100062, China;
    2.Beijing Fama Weijin Pharmaceutical Technology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100107, China;
    3.Shanghai Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Shanghai 200245, China

Received date: 2025-09-02

  Revised date: 2026-01-29

  Accepted date: 2026-05-19

  Online published: 2026-05-19

Abstract

 In recent years, against the backdrop of increasing global public health challenges and demands for improved medicine accessibility, the role of over-the-counter (OTC) has become increasingly prominent within healthcare systems. As two major pharmaceutical markets, China and the United States have developed distinct OTC management systems. For OTC designation, China employs three primary pathways: selection, conversion, and registration. In contrast, the United States utilizes a flexible dual-track mechanism combining the “OTC Monograph” system with the “New Drug Application” process. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the OTC chemical active pharmaceuitical ingredient lists in both countries. The findings reveal that the Chinese market includes 455 active ingredients, while the U.S. market encompasses 488. Notably, only 146 ingredients are classified as OTC in both countries, indicating significant differences in the composition of OTC chemical active pharmaceuitical ingredients between the two markets. These disparities primarily stem from variations in pharmaceutical risk management philosophies, OTC inclusion criteria, regulatory frameworks, and market environments. To optimize the supply structure, enhance access to appropriate medication, and better serve public health, China must accelerate the development and implementation of a dynamically managed OTC active pharmaceuitical ingredients database, establish relevant technical standards, and promote multi-stakeholder participation in the ongoing revision and updating of its OTC active ingredient list.

Cite this article

WANG Ao, GUO Li, CHENG Gang, LIU Xiaoli . Comparative Study of OTC Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Management Systems in China and the United States[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DRUG EVALUATION, 2026 , 43(2) : 151 -151-155 . DOI: 10.2095-3593.2026.040011

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