Abstract: As early gastrointestinal tract cancer without specific symptoms and signs, patients with low treatment rate, poor prognosis. Endoscopic screening method can improve the detection rate of precancerous lesions in the upper gastrointestinal cancer area, which is an effective way to reduce the incidence and mortality of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Te objective of this study was to analyze whether endoscopic screening is economical in controling the incidence rate of gastrointestinal cancer by summarizing the literature at home and abroad, and provide the evidence for whether large-scale endoscopic screening should be implemented in high incidence area in our country .