Abstract: Use modern chromatographic methods to study the quality control of rhubarb and peppermint oil in rhubarb sodium bicarbonate tablets， provide reference for supplementing and improve the existing quality control standards. Methods：Used Agilent XDB C18(250 mm × 4.6 mm， 5 μm) column and the mobile phase was methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid water (85∶15). The content of four kinds rhubarb(Rhein， emodin， chrysophanol and emodin methyl ether) were determined at 254 nm by HPLC. Peppermint oil was qualitatively identified by TLC. Results： The method for determination by HPLC was simple， and the precision， stability and repeatability were good. The linear relationship between rhein， emodin， chrysophanol and emodin methyl ether were good (r>0.999 5). The recovery rates also good， and the content of rhubarb in the rhubarb sodium bicarbonate tablets in three different manufacturers was significantly different. The qualitative identification method by TLC was simple and accurate. Conclusion： The current quality control standards should be revised. It is recommended to add quantitative research items on rhubarb， and the qualitative identification method for peppermint oil should be updated and optimized to increase the reliability of the identification results.