Abstract: Objective： To compare the similarities and differences of the volatile components of Panzeria alaschanica. Methods： Volatile components were extracted by steam distillation， ultrasonic assisted extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the components of volatile oil of Panzeria alaschanica. The NIST107 standard mass spectrometer library was searched by HPMSD Chem Station， and the chemical analysis of the volatile components of Panzeria alaschanica was confirmed by spectral analysis. The relative content of each chemical component was calculated by peak area normalization method. Results： In the three extraction ways， the relative content of (-)-4-terpineol in steam distillation is the highest at 19.53%， and the relative content of diethylbenzene-1，2-dicarboxylate in ultrasonic assisted extraction is the highest at 12.28%， and the relative content of caryophyllene oxide in supercritical CO2 extraction is up to 35.33%. Conclusion： Among the three extraction processes， the type of volatile components extracted by steam distillation and the content of active ingredients are good.