关键词:  , 2型糖尿病（T2DM）；利拉鲁肽；阿卡波糖；二甲双胍；胰岛功能；糖脂代谢

Abstract: Objective： To evaluate the effects of liraglutide combined with acarbose and metformin on glucose and lipid metabolism， islet function， inflammation， and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods： A retrospective controlled analysis was conducted on 92 T2DM patients treated at our hospital from April 2022 to December 2024 (effect sized=0.8， α=0.05， β=0.2). The patients were divided into the control group (acarbose+metformin， n=46) and the experimental group (combined with liraglutide， n=46). Changes in glucose metabolism indicators（FPG， HbA1C）， blood lipid parameter（TG， TC， LDL-C， HDL-C）， islet function parameters（HOMA-IR、ISI、HOMA-β）， and biomarkers related to inflammation（NLRP3） and oxidative stress（MDA， GSH-PX， SOD） were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was also recorded. Results： The total effective rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (93.48% vs 78.26%， P<0.05). After treatment， levels of FPG， HbA1c， TG， TC， and LDL-C decreased and HDL-C increased in both groups of patipats， with greater improvements observed in the experimental group (P<0.05). The experimental group showed a significant advantage in improving islet function parameters： greater reduction in HOMA-IR and greater increases in ISI and HOMA-β compared to the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile， the experimental group exhibited greater reductions in the inflammatory marker NLRP3 and the oxidative stress marker MDA， as well as greater increases in GSH-PX and SOD (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion： Liraglutide combined with the acarbose and metformin can more effectively improve glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients， reduce insulin resistance， and promote the recovery of islet β-cell function， while also suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative damage， and with good safety.

Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）, Liraglutide, Acarbose, Metformin, Islet function, Glucose and lipid metabolism