Abstract: Objective： To observe the clinical effects of xiaoyao powder treatment for primary insomnia. Methods： The totally 90 patients with the primary insomnia are divided into 2 groups in a single-blind way randomly. The treatment group（46） chose the xiaoyao powder while the control group（44） chose the estazolan tablets. A course including 4 weeks and one month after the treatment there was a follow-up treatment. By taking Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) as the observation target， collecting and summarizing the data of baseline period， after treatment period and follow-up period， we could get a statistical results of efficacy of the 2 kinds of treatments for the immediate and long-term clinical curative effects of primary insomnia. Results：The total effective rate of the after treatment period in treatment group was 84.78%， while the control group was 79.54%， which show that there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.422，P=0.588＞0.05). But the data of the follow-up period in treatment group was 82.60%， while the control group was 61.36%， which show that there′s a significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2=5.060，P=0.034＜0.05). Conclusion： Xiaoyao powder and estazolan tablets are both have good instant curative effect in primary insomnia. But xiaoyao powder is superior to estazolan tablets on long-term curative effect and lasting effect， so it′s more suitable for clinical promotion.