Abstract: Objective：To explore the therapeutic effect of peramivir in children with influenza A， and to provide reference for clinical rational selection of anti-influenza virus drugs. Methods：Retrospective analysis of the influenza A case data from the pediatric department of Hospital from June 2007 to March 2009. The fever remission time and the hospitalization time of the influenza A in children treated with peramivir and oseltamivir are compared. And the fever remission time， medication times and hospitalization time of different age groups (≥36 months and ＜36 months) are compared. Results：There was no significant difference in fever remission time and hospitalization time between peramivir and oseltamivir in children with influenza A (P＞0.05). And there was no significant difference in fever remission time， medication times and hospitalization time between ≥36 months group and＜36 months group (P＞0.05). Conclusion：Peramivir and oseltamivir are effective in the treatment of simple influenza A in children. Peramivir provides a choice for those who can not receive oral medication.