Abstract: Objective： To evaluate the efficacy of hypertonic glucose in the treatment of pneumothorax. Methods： We searched PubMed，Web of Science， The Cochrane Library， Chinese Biomedical Literature Database， Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge database to search relevant literature about hyperosmotic glucose assisted treatment of pneumothorax， were searched from inception to October 1， 2016. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， the reviewers independently screened the literature， extracted data and evaluated the quality， Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results： 6 studies were included in the study， and 433 patients were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that hyperosmotic glucose combined with closed drainage compared with closed drainage treatment of pneumothorax effective rate［OR=5.84，95%CI（1.39，24.51），P=0.02］， hyperosmotic glucose combined with erythromycin and closed drainage compared with closed drainage treatment of pneumothorax effective rate [OR=4.38，95%CI（1.62，11.80），P=0.004]. The recurrence rate [OR=0.11，95%CI（0.02，0.53），P=0.006]. The incidence of respiratory failure [OR=0.14，95%CI（0.02，0.80），P=0.03]. The incidence of arrhythmia [OR=0.16，95%CI（0.04，0.59），P=0.006]， urinary retention rate of ［OR=0.24，95%CI（0.07，0.77），P=0.02]， the differences were statistically significant. Hyperosmotic glucose combined thoracoscopic surgery compared with thoracoscopic surgery， the recurrence rate [OR=0.33，95%CI（0.03，3.25），P=0.34]， drainage tube indwelling time [MD=-0.71，95%CI（-1.97，0.55），P=0.27]， there was no significant difference. Conclusion： The present evidence indicates that hypertonic glucose assisted treatment of pneumothorax is effective and has less complications， but can not reduce the recurrence rate and shorten the indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube. In view of the limited number of studies， the conclusions need to be verified by more research.